[BK7231T] My HTTP server, configurator, MQTT support from Home Assistant

p.kaczmarek2 205626 1308

TL;DR

OpenBK7231T adds a cross-platform C HTTP mini-server, web pin configurator, and MQTT integration for BK7231T-based WB2S/WB3S modules with Home Assistant control.
The design splits Windows-specific networking from reusable HTTP and pin code, so the same configurator and packet parser can run on Windows and on the BK7231T firmware.
The server listens on port 80, uses one int as a channel bitmask, and therefore supports up to 32 channels on a 32-bit platform.
MQTT callbacks propagate relay/button changes to Home Assistant and accept commands back, and a 4-relay setup uses wildcard topics like wb2s/1/get through wb2s/4/set.
The current pin configurator does not save settings to Flash yet, so configuration is still coded and compiled into the firmware.

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#631 20029948 22 May 2022 22:10

theosoft theosoft

Level 10

Post #631

20029948 22 May 2022 22:10

In control.vue line 188 ff ....

     channelclick(channel){
        if (this.channels[channel]) {
          this.channels[channel] = 0;
        } else {
          this.channels[channel] = 100;
        }

But just change the value is to simple, isn't it??
regards

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#632 20030147 23 May 2022 06:39

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #632
20030147 23 May 2022 06:39

If you change 100 to 1 then you will break the toggling on-off of PWM dimmer. App needs to know whether a channel is a dimmer or relay/led/something else binary.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

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#633 20030630 23 May 2022 14:26

theosoft theosoft

Level 10

Post #633

20030630 23 May 2022 14:26

In control.vue


      channelclick(channel){
        if (this.channels[channel]) {
          this.channels[channel] = 0;
        } else {
          if (this.outputchannelrolenames[channel] === 'Rel' || this.outputchannelrolenames[channel] === 'Rel_n'){
          this.channels[channel] = 1;
                  } else {
          this.channels[channel] = 100;
                  }
        }
        this.channelchange(channel);
      },

Update: I successfully have done a pull request....

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#634 20031573 24 May 2022 08:09

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #634
20031573 24 May 2022 08:09

Are you sure that is correct?

Setup a device with LEDs only. And by "with LEDs" I mean setup pins to IOR_LED. IOR_LED is the same as relay but only different name, it's used to make it easier for user to see which pin is connected to relay and which to led (showing relay state).

I think your code would still give 100 in this case.

@sharathbk1912 and all the BL0937 team, are you still here?
I started prelimary BL0937 testing:

but I have to introduce external timer to my code, because the current measurement method is for testing only and not reliable

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#635 20031652 24 May 2022 09:22

theosoft theosoft

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Post #635
20031652 24 May 2022 09:22

I have implemented the patch in that way and in my projekt it is ok now. I don't have a dimmer..
I see toogleing of the value in WEBAPP between 0 and 1 and HA follows On / Off. MQTT published values are 0 and 1.
I had some trouble regarding cache in firefox. Firefox stores very long the content of the webapp page. Deleteing cache and webpage content including restart solved that

regards
#636 20031713 24 May 2022 10:00

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #636
20031713 24 May 2022 10:00

Ok, I will merge your changes, let it be that way for now.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#637 20031868 24 May 2022 11:53

theosoft theosoft

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Post #637
20031868 24 May 2022 11:53

BTW. Firefox mostly has a bad responsetime. I have to wait 5 sec . Chrome does show the content of the device internal html immediately.
Is there an explanation for that? Is it only my firefox with this behavior?

regards
#638 20034962 26 May 2022 14:16

kuba2k2 kuba2k2

Level 13

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Post #638
20034962 26 May 2022 14:16

Hello again,
Today I was able to run ESPHome on RTL8710BN - I'm probably the first in the world to do this

I've ported the core of ESPHome to work with LibreTuya, so WiFi and HomeAssistant API connection works. After I port other peripherals (such as I2C, SPI, GPIO, ADC, PWM) most sensors supported by ESPHome should work out of the box - without the need of writing new drivers by hand.

As LibreTuya is made to be universally compatible with each platform (requiring minimal porting/HAL), it means that porting ESPHome to BK7231T/N or something else should now be a breeze...
#639 20035062 26 May 2022 15:44

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #639
20035062 26 May 2022 15:44

@kuba2k2 Nice progress with RTL, but I don't know if you aware of it or not, but RTL8710BN is a totally different chip than BK7231T/N, with different architecture and manufacturer. So you would have basically to redo all the work again in order to support Beken chips.

And you have still 0 Beken-related code in the codebase...

With OpenBeken HAL system, adding new platforms is very easy and I already added support for non-beken chips like BL602 and XR809. I will be also adding RTL support soon.

theosoft wrote:
BTW. Firefox mostly has a bad responsetime. I have to wait 5 sec . Chrome does show the content of the device internal html immediately.
Is there an explanation for that? Is it only my firefox with this behavior?

I have just checked on Firefox and I experienced no problems.
What do you mean by "internal html"?

PS: BL0937 voltage/current/power metering chip is now working as well, only precision improvements left.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#640 20035306 26 May 2022 18:59

jimbolaya jimbolaya

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Post #640
20035306 26 May 2022 18:59

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
@jimbolaya it's the same as with other devices. Check if you have anything else connetced on TX/RX line. Maybe a MCU or a button or anything?

I'm not entirely sure how do do that. I've got a few multimeters I could check resistance/circuits with. I've always been under the impression that can cause damage if you don't know what you're doing, and I don't really. I could try randomly unsoldering things like the buttons or microphone.

I'll try again in few weeks when i have more time.
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#641 20035338 26 May 2022 19:19

kuba2k2 kuba2k2

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Post #641
20035338 26 May 2022 19:19

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
but I don't know if you aware of it or not, but RTL8710BN is a totally different chip than BK7231T/N,

Of course I'm aware (I'm not that stupid..).

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
So you would have basically to redo all the work again in order to support Beken chips.

No, most work is already done. I designed it so that adding new platforms is as easy as possible. I'm putting as most as I can into the common module (like web servers, MDNS clients, other libraries). Adding new platforms requires simply writing a core (GPIO, etc) and peripheral access layers (flash, I2C, wifi, etc). Everything else is already done, and this is the only thing needed before running ESPHome or something else.

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
And you have still 0 Beken-related code in the codebase...

Just because the device I have with RTL was of a higher priority. On the other hand, you have five different repositories to maintain separately, and you also needed to write a HAL for each one. Your project started a few months before mine, so naturally you have more HALs written.

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
With OpenBeken HAL system, adding new platforms is very easy

And that's exactly what I need to do in order to add new platforms. See? A "HAL" means the same for every project.
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#642 20036184 27 May 2022 11:34

Anonymous Anonymous

Level 1

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Post #642
20036184 27 May 2022 11:34

kuba2k2 wrote:
Today I was able to run ESPHome on RTL8710BN - I'm probably the first in the world to do this

kuba2k2 wrote:
See? "HAL" means the same for any project.

I like this approach to the "theme", ie enabling the operation of existing and proven IoT solutions for other SoCs. ESPHome does not require an Arduino Core (it's optional) which makes porting and testing on new platforms very easy, but you still need to know C ++
#643 20037534 28 May 2022 12:00

sharathbk1912 sharathbk1912

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Post #643
20037534 28 May 2022 12:00

Excited to see bl0937 support . Is there a page to go about how to set it up ? Since 042 was uart based nothing much had to be done with pins . Any reference would help .

Thanks and regards
Sharath b k
#644 20037551 28 May 2022 12:14

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

Moderator Smart Home

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Post #644
20037551 28 May 2022 12:14

@sharathbk1912 BL0937 driver will be improved so you might wait a week before setting it up. I will make a step by step guide for that as well.
@jimbolaya you should test your circuit with multimeter with circuit disconnected from power, and it is not possible to damage your circuit just by probing it. Use continuity test with buzzer.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#645 20038527 29 May 2022 00:59

xabean xabean

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Post #645
20038527 29 May 2022 00:59

@p.kaczmarek2 what OS do you do development under most? Windows or Linux?

I ask because the OpenBK7231T_App github repo has a lot of C files that have mixed line endings, both CRLF (dos or windows) and LF (Linux) -- I can make a pull request that sets the line endings to which ever one you want for you developing, and then on my side I can configure git to convert to LF line endings for me for under Linux on git checkout, and configure it to change them back when I do a git commit ... the files just have to be consistent in the first place in order for it to work correctly
#646 20038557 29 May 2022 05:40

pepesuriano pepesuriano

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Post #646
20038557 29 May 2022 05:40

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:

pepesuriano wrote:
UART has been impossible to me and I cannot find info on how to flash with SPI.

did you read @DarkMan1 post? he had issues with CP2102 UART to USB converter but CH340 worked for him, maybe you need second usb to uart converter as well?

I have flashed a lot of bk devices and all of them worked so far.

Hi, I tried with an arduino UNO (which has CH340), it's still not working, here is what I tried:

- Wired TX and RX to arduino UNO RX and TX (it seems to be ok since I can hear the relay clicking when I hit the "read flash" button on bkwriter, if I do nothing the relay stops clicking
- wired 3v3 from arduino to VBAT on WB2S and GND as well
- removed 3v3 and connected 5v from arduino to 5v input of AMS1117

The result is always the same:

As mentioned, I assume RX and TX is ok since the relay starts clicking when I hit "read flash", I tried all baudrates and BK7231/BK7231N modes, nothing works for the moment

A new finding that can be useful, I found that RX1 pad is connected to R1 resistor and K1 (power button), can that be part of the issues?
Here some pictures for guidance (look trace with yellow question mark):
#647 20038565 29 May 2022 06:32

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #647
20038565 29 May 2022 06:32

@xabean I am doing development on Windows in my old MSVC 2008, because I use newer MSVC for more commercial projects and it's easy for me to have two visual studios open and quickly navigate between them. Still, I will most likely add a VScode project soon as well.

@pepesuriano this is taking too long and it's too complicated. I would suggest you a different approach. Get a soldering iron with clean tip, get flux and solder wick. Put some flux on WB2S module "legs", melt and remove the solder with the wire wick. Remove the WB2S module from board. Then program it, the same way I do it on my tutorials here on Elektroda. So just solder 4 wires to WB2S (3.3V, gnd, TX and RX). In this case you dont need CEN, just reboot by powering on and off. Remember, 3.3V, not 5V directly from USB.

Do not be afraid of soldering. You can do it even with a cheapo few-bucks aliexpress soldering iron. Just keep tip clean, use flux and remove excell solder with wire wick.

EDIT: of course second option would be to just cut RX trace and bridge it again after flashing.
Remember to do a full flash memory read (whole 2MB) for tuya-cloudcutter guys to make OTA for similiar devices.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#648 20038807 29 May 2022 11:34

kuba2k2 kuba2k2

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Post #648
20038807 29 May 2022 11:34

xabean wrote:
I can make a pull request that sets the line endings to which ever one you want

Just as a note: it's most common to use only LF endings in the git repo, and configure local git clients to convert line endings to match your OS.
#649 20041909 31 May 2022 10:47

Dark Man Dark Man

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Post #649
20041909 31 May 2022 10:47

I bought a new lamp from ACTION for PLN 45 (regular price)
LSC LED Flood Light with sensor (3003366)
Art. 3003366
970740 v1.0

WB3S module
i dumped it on cloudcutter
https://github.com/tuya-cloudcutter/tuya-cloudcutter/issues/100

Interestingly, my first approach was that the circuit is in the main lamp housing.
I tried to disassemble it, but the housing is not unscrewed - the glass is glued in. Heating up did not help.
The next day, I found a hint - open the PIR sensor
The smarts put the WB3S module in the PIR sensor The sensor housing was welded.

The setup for her is
P8 PWM 4
P9 PWM 5
P6 PIR sensor digital In
P23 ADC - light sensor

While the PWMs work for me, I don't know how to configure:
P6 to turn on both PWMs for a certain amount of time
P23 how to read the brightness and send it to HA and how to connect with P6 so that the light is only switched on when the brightness is specified
#650 20042617 31 May 2022 19:34

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #650
20042617 31 May 2022 19:34

I tought I used
Code: text Expand Select all Copy to clipboard
git config --global core.autocrlf true
previously but maybe I forget it or set it incorrectly. Let's see how it works now.

I am adding hsv library.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#651 20042646 31 May 2022 19:52

xabean xabean

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Post #651
20042646 31 May 2022 19:52

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:
I tought I used
Code: text Expand Select all Copy to clipboard
git config --global core.autocrlf true
previously but maybe I forget it or set it incorrectly. Let's see how it works now.

I am adding hsv library.

I added a .gitattributes in my pull request that should do the right thing, for everyone -- regardless of what people have set in
Code: text Expand Select all Copy to clipboard
git config --global core.autocrlf true

it should make the repo have LF, and do what your OS wants, for "text" files on checkout.
#652 20042730 31 May 2022 20:37

rawilson rawilson

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Post #652
20042730 31 May 2022 20:37

@ p.kaczmarek2 it looks like the GU10 bulbs available in Poland woj14415 are based on WBLC5 + SM2135Eh - I2C communication. After dismantling, it turned out that the CLK line is connected to pin 26, date to pin24. Would you provide information on how to configure this bulb?
#653 20042812 31 May 2022 21:17

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #653
20042812 31 May 2022 21:17

Dark Man wrote:

P23 how to read brightness and send to HA

ADC? You would have to run the ADC itself on Beken at all, I haven't touched that yet.
https://github.com/tuya/tuya-iotos-embeded-sd.../bk7231t/bk7231t_cos/beken37adc_os/beken37adc.
It is a pity that the functions from here are unresolved and there is no C:
https://github.com/tuya/tuya-iotos-embeded-sd...31t/bk7231t_driver/bekken378_driver/bekken378

Dark Man wrote:

P6 to turn on both PWMs for a certain amount of time

This could be done with commands, although it probably isn't complete yet, but I can try to prepare you for this support. This has to be done much sooner than the ADC.

rawilson wrote:
@ p.kaczmarek2 it looks like the GU10 bulbs available in Poland woj14415 are based on WBLC5 + SM2135Eh - I2C communication. After dismantling, it turned out that the CLK line is connected to pin 26, date to pin24. Would you provide information on how to configure this bulb?

I do not have the SM2135Eh driver yet because I did not have a bulb with this system. If I buy, I can add it without any problems. The SM2135Eh protocol is well known and I2C on Beken is already fired.

Where can I buy WOJ14415, preferably Paypal?

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#654 20042898 31 May 2022 21:49

rawilson rawilson

Level 11

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Post #654
20042898 31 May 2022 21:49

@ p.kaczmarek2 - I bought it on the allegro, I see that it is currently for less than PLN 30. How can I define custom PINs to support i2c?
#655 20042899 31 May 2022 21:49

Betriebsdirektor Betriebsdirektor

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Post #655
20042899 31 May 2022 21:49

Hi,

in Germany I bought a different LSC-Smart-Power-Plug-Model with CB2S (BK7231N) than the preconfigurated one in new_builtin_devices.c. This one has a red LED1 and a blue LED2. The platine is printed as "WF02GE" and is produced in august 2021. The packaging (see appended photos) seems to show no differnces. Your binaries working fine.

Thank you for your efforts and work.

Code: text Expand Select all Copy to clipboard
void Setup_Device_LSC_Smart_Connect_Plug_CB2S_WF02GE(){ CFG_ClearPins(); PIN_SetPinRoleForPinIndex(6, IOR_Relay); PIN_SetPinChannelForPinIndex(6, 1); PIN_SetPinRoleForPinIndex(7, IOR_Button); PIN_SetPinChannelForPinIndex(7, 1); PIN_SetPinRoleForPinIndex(8, IOR_LED1); PIN_SetPinChannelForPinIndex(8, 1); PIN_SetPinRoleForPinIndex(26, IOR_LED2); PIN_SetPinChannelForPinIndex(26, 1); CFG_Save_SetupTimer(); }

Greetings
#656 20042907 31 May 2022 21:51

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

Moderator Smart Home

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Post #656
20042907 31 May 2022 21:51

BK7231 has two I2C ports - I2C1 and I2C2 on pins strictly defined by the manufacturer.

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#657 20042986 31 May 2022 22:31

rawilson rawilson

Level 11

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Post #657
20042986 31 May 2022 22:31

a strange thing, because I checked with a multimeter and SM2135Eh is connected exactly on these pins - the first is data (p24), the second is clk (p26)

is it possible to initialize i2c even without a driver for a given device to check if something is "speaking" on the other side?
#658 20043122 01 Jun 2022 03:19

xabean xabean

Level 6

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Post #658
20043122 01 Jun 2022 03:19

hey @p.kaczmarek2 - I'm trying to figure out how best to make this line of code in the HTTP server not always respond with "OFF" even after executing a "Power1+on" command.

https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T_App/blob/main/src/httpserver/http_fns.c#L1150

I'm trying to use the OpenBK app to control power on my 3d printer with Octoprint, and the Octoprint Tasmota plugin that talks directly to the HTTP interface, not over MQTT. It's _so close_ to working, I just need http_fn_cm to respond correctly with ON/OFF state.

I noticed there's a variable called g_buttons that has all the expected pin states, which can get out-of-sync with the hardware state if you reconfigure a pin to be inverting or not (LED_N v.s. LED)

Would a new function in HAL for "get GPIO configuration" that returns the pin direction (input, output) and state (high, low) that can be used in http_fns.c to ask the hardware what the current state of a specific GPIO pin is, after CMD_ExecuteCommand has executed? It could even reduce the need on having the current state (high, low) in g_buttons.
#659 20043133 01 Jun 2022 05:38

p.kaczmarek2 p.kaczmarek2

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Post #659
20043133 01 Jun 2022 05:38

@xabean Tasmota HTTP is on my TODO list, I know this protocol and I used it for example here:
https://www.elektroda.com/rtvforum/topic3789324.html
I also is required on for Tasmota-Control app from Google play compatibility

My original idea for handling replies was to pass the COMMAND_FLAG_SOURCE_HTTP flag with command execution and generate JSON reply in the command itself. I chose this way because the reply content depends on the command you have sent. I have planned for this code to be only a placeholder and execute if command didnt produce any json string yet:

I can look into it sooner, if you need it.

Right now I am not sure why would your proposed change be required.

And the On/Off state from Tasmota HTTP is obviously before inverting for "LED_N" and "Relay_N".

I am creating multiplatform open source firmware (Tasmota replacement), right now supporting BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809, BL602, W800, W600, LN882H and soon supporting RTL and W701:
https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T
If you like my work, support me at: https://paypal.me/openshwprojects

Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
#660 20043218 01 Jun 2022 08:31

Dark Man Dark Man

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Post #660
20043218 01 Jun 2022 08:31

p.kaczmarek2 wrote:

Dark Man wrote:
P23 how to read brightness and send to HA

ADC? You would have to run the ADC itself on Beken at all, I haven't touched that yet.
https://github.com/tuya/tuya-iotos-embeded-sd...1t/bk7231t_os/beken378/driver/saradc/saradc.h
It is a pity that the functions from here are unresolved and there is no C:
https://github.com/tuya/tuya-iotos-embeded-sd...1t_os/beken378/func/user_driver/BkDriverAdc.h

Dark Man wrote:
P6 to turn on both PWMs for a certain amount of time

This could be done with commands, although it probably isn't complete yet, but I can try to prepare you for this support. This has to be done much sooner than the ADC.

It is a pity that the ADC is not working at the moment, without it, the lamp will be activated during the day, if you make additional commands for temporary switching on.
In that case, at the moment I will do transplantations on ESP12, but I must admit that I will probably not finish on this one lamp, so when there is ADC and command support (for time switching), I will probably buy another one, the more that maybe the cloudcutter will handle it then.
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✨ The discussion centers on the development and testing of an open-source firmware project for the BK7231T microcontroller, focusing on creating a cross-platform mini HTTP server, web-based pin configuration, MQTT integration, and Home Assistant compatibility. The project includes a Visual Studio project for Windows and firmware flashing tools like Beken Writer and a Python-based uartprogram. Users report challenges with flashing devices, including issues with firmware size limits (956KB), UART converter compatibility, and power supply stability during flashing. Solutions include using specific UART adapters (e.g., FT232R, CP2102), resetting devices via the CEN pin instead of power cycling, and trimming firmware binaries. The firmware supports devices with BK7231T and BK7231N chips, with ongoing work to add PWM dimmer support, BLE, TuyaMCU protocol integration, and OTA updates. Various smart devices such as WB2S/WB3S modules, smart plugs, LED bulbs, and switches from brands like MOES, Nedis, Hama, and Calex are tested. Users share detailed hardware teardowns, pinouts, and flashing procedures. MQTT topic naming issues related to MAC address usage were identified and fixed. The project emphasizes community collaboration, with suggestions for a Discord server to enhance real-time communication. Additional tools and SDK improvements, including CMake support and BLE integration, are under development to facilitate firmware building and device support expansion.
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FAQ

TL;DR: 100 % flash-success reported on BK7231 T/N modules [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19906676]; “OpenBK7231T now boots on three chip families” [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19883071] Use QIO image for BK7231N, UA for BK7231T; erase only 0×11000-0×1EF000. Why it matters: a single workflow now replaces vendor firmware on 60 + low-cost IoT boards.

Quick Facts

• Supported MCUs: BK7231T, BK7231N, XR809 (Wi-Fi + BLE) [Elektroda, 19883071] • Recommended UART speed: 921 600 bps for write, 115 200 bps for read [Elektroda, 19857664] • Flash sizes: Typical 2 MB on-chip; config area starts @ 0×1EF000 [Elektroda, post #19893493] • OTA format: .rbl (gzip + AES, served by HTTP) [Elektroda, btsimonh, post #19880525] • Typical power: 5 V @ 500 mA to AMS1117 input for safe programming [Elektroda, ExploWare, post #19853546]

1. Which OpenBK binary should I flash?

• BK7231T/ WB2S/WB3S – use UA.bin via UART bootloader. • BK7231N/ CB2S/CB3S – use QIO.bin at offset 0×0 with –unprotect flag [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19890168] • XR809 – build sharedApp and burn with PhoenixMC [Elektroda, 19850458]

2. How do I wire the programmer and reset correctly?

TX of adapter → 1RX pin; RX → 1TX; GND shared.
Pull CEN low, click “Program”, then release CEN to start bootloader [Elektroda, ExploWare, post #19903108]
Supply 5 V to AMS1117 IN or 3 V3 pin; current ≥ 500 mA [Elektroda, ExploWare, post #19853546]

3. Writer stops at “Erasing 0×11000” – why?

The chip is protected. For BK7231N add --unprotect when using uartprogram, or choose BK7231N mode in BKWriter; baud 921 600 often succeeds after 115 200 fails [Elektroda, boozeman, post #19857804]

4. Relay clicks during flashing – safe fix?

A pull-up on RX1 ties the push-button to 3 V3, driving the relay. Remove jumper R33 on Nedis WIFIPO120FWT, flash, then solder it back [Elektroda, boozeman, post #19882233]

5. How can I back-up the Tuya stock firmware?

Run python bk7231tools.py read_flash -d COMx --no-verify-checksum -s 0 -c 512 dump.bin for T/N chips (2 MB, 512 × 4 KB) [GitHub bk7231tools].

6. My BK7231N loses settings after power-cycle.

Disable FAST_CONNECT (RL_SUPPORT_FAST_CONNECT) or use latest OpenBK build ≥ f6c3c8f6 that stores config outside NET_PARAM table [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19893493]

7. Does OTA work and how do I host updates?

Yes. Serve *.rbl over HTTP (http-here --host 0.0.0.0 8000). In WebApp → OTA tab → enter http://<IP>:8000/firmware.rbl; device backs up filesystem, flashes, restores settings [Elektroda, btsimonh, post #19880525]

8. Can I change the MAC address permanently?

MAC can be edited in Config → MAC. It is written to efuse on BK7231T and survives reboot [Elektroda, ExploWare, post #19888851] Corrupted flash prevents saving; run recovery image to re-create tables [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19888772]

9. What are the default GPIO roles for common plugs?

• Nedis WIFIPO120FWT – P6 LED, P10 Button, P26 Relay [Elektroda, 19883937] • QiaChip Smart Switch (WB2S,T) – P24 Relay, P26 Button [Elektroda, 19906692]

10. How do I compile on Linux or Windows?

Clone SDK OpenBK7231T, then OpenBK7231T_App into /apps. Build: ./build_app.sh apps/OpenBK7231T_App OpenBK7231T_App git (Linux) or Cygwin on Windows; ensure build-essential and gcc-arm-none-eabi installed [Elektroda, boozeman, post #19885620]

11. Is there a no-solder exploit?

Yes. CloudCutter abuses 2019 Tuya SDK bug to OTA-flash BK7231 lights wirelessly; code published February 2022 [khalednassar/tuya-cloudcutter]. "It works on every test bulb so far" [Tom Clement, #19890768].

12. Edge-case: UART2 log shows boot loop only.

Wrong binary type (UA on BK7231N) causes endless boot; reflash with QIO image at 0×0 then AP appears [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #19890168]

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